Lip Lift Techniques in Smile Design.

The lips are the main aesthetic component of the facial lower third and simultaneously a substantial element for an ideally perceived smile. One of the most accepted and common procedures that is widely used to enhance the shape and contours of the upper lip is the lip lift. With a careful treatment plan and a professional surgery, a lip lift can reliably be used for the reduction of the philtrum height, enlargement of the upper vermilion, improvement of the dental show, restoration of facial aesthetic proportions, and creation of an enchanting smile.

Spreader Graft vs Spreader Flap in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Insufficient support of the nasal mid-vault during rhinoplasty can cause significant complications. Accordingly, surgeons have recently paid much more attention to the preservation of nasal patency. The spreader graft is the gold standard technique for the reconstruction of nasal mid-vault. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the spreader graft and spreader flap in terms of aesthetic and functional outcomes. METHODS: An inclusive search was performed with PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases up to April 2021. Multiple aesthetic and functional factors, including dorsal aesthetic lines restoration, satisfaction rate, internal nasal valve angle improvement, nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale, and active anterior rhinomanometry were evaluated. Also, a meta-analysis was performed on the included articles that provided adequate data for mentioned factors. RESULTS: After excluding papers that did not conform with the selection criteria, 10 articles with a total sample size of 567 cases with a mean age of 27.7 years (range, 18-65 years) were finally included. Analysis of the data revealed no statistically significant difference between the spreader graft and spreader flap techniques in terms of dorsal aesthetic lines restoration, internal nasal valve angle improvement, nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale, and anterior rhinomanometry. CONCLUSIONS: However, in terms of satisfaction rate, the analyzes indicated that spreader graft has significantly superior aesthetic outcomes. Generally, in case of appropriately selected patients, there is no statistically significant difference between spreader graft and spreader flap techniques in terms of aesthetic and functional outcomes.

A literature review of applications of Kinesio Taping® in the craniomaxillofacial region.

This study was conducted to achieve an understanding of the potential applications of Kinesio Taping® (KT) in the craniomaxillofacial region. A comprehensive search of pertinent literature was performed through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. The focused question that was addressed was, "What are the potential applications of KT in the craniomaxillofacial region?". The preliminary search identified 52 studies. Once duplicates were removed, the remaining 43 titles/abstracts were screened, where 9 studies were excluded and the remaining 34 were assessed. Three additional studies were obtained through reference review of the retrieved articles. KT is being used for the management of various conditions, including temporomandibular joint disorders, side effects associated with maxillofacial surgeries, various neurological conditions, etc. KT has not been proven as a reliable independent treatment option; however, it is considered to be useful as a complementary option to improve treatment outcomes for various conditions.

Computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty: a simple method to correct chin deviation.

BACKGROUND: Different genioplasty techniques are applied for the adjustment of chin area deformities such as chin deviation. RESULTS: Thirty patients with simple facial asymmetry due to chin deviation underwent computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty. In this technique, a surgical guide was used to cut a bone strip from the side where the chin should be transferred to; then, the same bone strip was used for the filling of the gap that was formed on the opposite side. CONCLUSION: According to the experience gained from this study, the authors believe that computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty is a simple and reliable technique for patients with facial asymmetry due to chin deviation.

Reopening of dental clinics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an evidence-based review of literature for clinical interventions.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes serious acute respiratory diseases including pneumonia and bronchitis with approximately 2.3% fatality occurrence. MAIN BODY: This study argues the main concepts that need to be considered for the gradual reopening of dental offices include treatment planning approaches, fundamental elements needed to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in dental healthcare settings, personal protection equipment (PPE) for dental health care providers, environmental measures, adjunctive measures, and rapid point of care tests in dental offices. CONCLUSION: This article seeks to provide an overview of existing scientific evidence to suggest a guideline for reopening dental offices.

Assessment of the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum: a retrospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) comprise a wide range of malformations, including cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, which can vary in terms of etiology, severity, and disease burden. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum in newborns. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 323 cases and 400 controls were enrolled in this study and evaluated in terms of the maternal history of abortion or miscarriage, child's sex, maternal and paternal age, maternal history of systemic disease, history of medication therapy during pregnancy, birth order, consanguineous marriage, and complications during pregnancy. RESULTS: Analysis of the results suggested that consanguineous marriage, a maternal history of abortion/miscarriage, and complications during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of OFCs in children (P < 0.05). However, the analyses revealed that the other variables could not potentially increase the risk of OFCs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple cofactors may simultaneously contribute to the formation of such abnormalities; therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care program is necessary to ensure a successful pregnancy period and the birth of a healthy newborn.

Salivary exosomes: properties, medical applications, and isolation methods.

Salivary exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with abundant CD63 immunoreactivity on their surface. Based on their size and protein composition, these exosomes can be categorized into two classes of exosomes I (mean diameter of 83.5 nm) and II (mean diameter of 40.5 nm). We have attempted to review the features of these exosomes, including origin, composition, separation methods, and their application in medicine. Not only the composition of salivary exosomes is invaluable in term of diagnosis, but can also afford an understanding in roles of the contents and components of these exosomes in the fundamental pathophysiologic processes of different diseases. since these EVs can cross the epithelial barriers they may be essential for transporting of multifarious components from the blood into saliva. Thus, in comparison to other bodily fluids, salivary exosomes are probably a better and accessible tool to examine the function of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Concomitant Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty and Orthognathic Surgery: A Technical Note.

PURPOSE: In the present report, we have introduced a novel technique for concomitant Le Fort I surgery and dorsal preservation rhinoplasty and reviewed the reported data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Concurrent surgery could be considered a suitable option for patients requiring both upper jaw orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty or those who are willing to undergo single-stage concomitant rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery. In the present technical note, we have introduced a dorsal preservation rhinoplasty technique combined with Le Fort I surgery through an intraoral approach. The advantages of this technique include its conservative design, avoidance of a second surgery and anesthetic, the ability to correct possible nasal defects caused by the Le Fort I osteotomy, keeping the keystone area intact, and, most importantly, the possibility of concomitant surgery. However, recurrence of the hump and nasal pyramid lateralization are among the problems that could be associated with this technique. These disadvantages might necessitate revision surgery. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients (23 females and 15 males) had undergone concomitant rhinoplasty and Le Fort I surgery using a modified dorsal preservation technique. No patient reported dissatisfaction with the results of surgery regarding the nasal and facial esthetics. No evidence of severe complications, such as saddle nose, severe deviation, airway compromise, or severe asymmetry, was observed postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience with patients and after at least 1 year of follow-up, the results of the present study suggest that this technique is straightforward and produces excellent results.

Impact of 2 Lateral Nasal Osteotomy Techniques on the Periorbital Subunits.

PURPOSE: The periorbital area undergoes a series of postoperative sequelae after rhinoplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2015 and January 2016, 50 patients aged between 19 and 46 years who underwent rhinoplasty qualified for the study. Of these patients, 25 were chosen for each group: One group underwent a low-to-low lateral nasal osteotomy, and the other group underwent a low-to-high lateral nasal osteotomy. Six specific periocular findings were designated and recorded to measure differences in the outcomes of the 2 osteotomy techniques. Specific periocular findings included the amount of scleral show as measured through the marginal reflex distance; lateral and medial scleral surface area; and palpebral fissure height, width, and inclination. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in any of the outcome variables at different intervals between the 2 groups (P > .05) except for palpebral fissure inclination after 3 months (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results and considering the inherent limitations of the study, it can be concluded that both low-to-low and low-to-high techniques are similar and have no considerable permanent effects on the periorbital region.

Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review.

Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA. Coronavirus infection in humans mainly affects the upper respiratory tract and to a lesser extent the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of coronavirus infections can range from relatively mild (similar to the common cold) to severe (bronchitis, pneumonia, and renal involvement). The disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was called Covid-19 by the World Health Organization in February 2020. Face-to-face communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva predispose dental care workers at serious risk for 2019-nCoV infection. As demonstrated by the recent coronavirus outbreak, information is not enough. During dental practice, blood and saliva can be scattered. Accordingly, dental practice can be a potential risk for dental staff, and there is a high risk of cross-infection. This article addresses all information collected to date on the virus, in accordance with the guidelines of international health care institutions, and provides a comprehensive protocol for managing possible exposure to patients or those suspected of having coronavirus.

Use of piezoelectric surgery and Er:YAG laser:which one is more effective during impacted third molar surgery?

BACKGROUND: Reduction in postoperative complications is of vital considerations in impacted third molar teeth surgery. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative complications of impacted third molar surgeries for bone removal using laser, piezoelectric equipment, and conventional rotary instruments. METHODS: To address the research purpose, the investigator designed the prospective double-blind clinical trial study. The sample size was determined 20 (40 teeth) by sampling formula in any kind of operation. The data of patients were obtained in the different periods in terms of pain, trismus, swelling, ecchymosis, and patient's satisfaction and then analyzed using SPSS 20 software via paired t test and Wilcoxon and McNemar's tests. RESULTS: The pain immediately after surgery and 2 days and 7 days after surgery was higher in the laser group. The swelling immediately after surgery was more in the laser group but not significant. The amount of mouth opening immediately after surgery and 2 days and 7 days after surgery was significantly lower in the laser group than in the piezosurgery group. The total duration of surgery and duration of osteotomy were significantly longer in the laser group. The patient's satisfaction from surgery with piezosurgery was more than that with laser, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Due to the rising demand for impacted wisdom tooth surgery, the present study suggests that hard tissue laser surgery and piezosurgery can clear the future of impacted molar surgery, and these approaches are more efficient in reducing postoperative complications compared to the conventional surgeries.

Balcony genioplasty: a novel technique for better esthetic results in patients with deep mentolabial fold.

BACKGROUND: To introduce a novel technique for advancement genioplasty helping surgeons to avoid soft tissue difficulties especially in short-faced patients with deep mentolabial fold and everted lower lip. CASE PRESENTATION: In a trapezius-shaped, osteotomy was performed in the chin region. The mobilized segment was advanced, and the existing gap was grafted using interpositional allograft materials. Each side had been fixated by three-hole plates and two screws. The outcomes revealed no change in lower anterior teeth vitality. The patients did not report any changes of sensation in lower lip and chin either. The measurements indicated no increase in depth of mentolabial fold in patients undergoing this surgical technique. The postoperative evaluation showed a successful esthetic outcome for the patient and the surgeon concurrently. CONCLUSION: Based on our experience, the authors concluded that the Balcony technique is a simple and reliable procedure for patients with a deep mentolabial fold.